Power Line Looks at Media Bias


Media Bias: How It Works.

There you have it. Dr. Gray is a fuddy-duddy who "has long railed" and is outside the "mainstream." He has "dug his heels in" and is so out of date that he tries to dispute the obvious fact that the world is currently getting warmer! The AP is telling us that, however distinguished Gray may be, he can safely be disregarded on this issue.

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and Grant Bias?

Hey Curt, thanks for the link.

Here is another, same scientist.

Last five questions of the interview are copied below:

You dont believe global warming is causing climate change?
G: No. If it is, it is causing such a small part that it is negligible. Im not disputing that there has been global warming. There was a lot of global warming in the 1930s and 40s, and then there was a slight global cooling from the middle 40s to the early 70s. And there has been warming since the middle 70s, especially in the last 10 years. But this is natural, due to ocean circulation changes and other factors. It is not human induced.
That must be a controversial position among hurricane researchers.
G:Nearly all of my colleagues who have been around 40 or 50 years are skeptical as hell about this whole global-warming thing. But no one asks us. If you dont know anything about how the atmosphere functions, you will of course say, Look, greenhouse gases are going up, the globe is warming, they must be related. Well, just because there are two associations, changing with the same sign, doesnt mean that one is causing the other.
With last years hurricane season so active, and this years looking like it will be, wont people say its evidence of global warming?
G: The Atlantic has had more of these storms in the least 10 years or so, but in other ocean basins, activity is slightly down. Why would that be so if this is climate change? The Atlantic is a special basin? The number of major storms in the Atlantic also went way down from the middle 1960s to the middle 90s, when greenhouse gases were going up.
Why is there scientific support for the idea?
G: So many people have a vested interest in this global-warming thing all these big labs and research and stuff. The idea is to frighten the public, to get money to study it more. Now that the cold war is over, we have to generate a common enemy to support science, and what better common enemy for the globe than greenhouse gases?
Are your funding problems due in part to your views?
G: I cant be sure, but I think thats a lot of the reason. I have been around 50 years, so my views on this are well known. I had NOAA money for 30 some years, and then when the Clinton administration came in and Gore started directing some of the environmental stuff, I was cut off. I couldnt get any NOAA money. They turned down 13 straight proposals from me.

(Source? See link above)

Call me simple minded....

...but when I read a post describing a retired professor as "the world's leading weather expert" I ask myself, 'who bestowed such a lofty title on this man?' Was it the National Weather Service? The American Meteorlogical Society? The Royal Meteorlogical Society?

Nope. Try John Hinderacker.

No doubt Dr. Willaim Gray deserves credit for his work in predicting the number of hurricanes we will see in a given year, but does that make him "the world's leading weather expert"? Surely a post denouncing 'media bias' offer something more than just the opinion of a guy in Minneappolis, who seems to consider himself an expert in just about everything. I suppose Hinderacker can escape the criticism of advocating a double standard or engaging in his own 'media bias' because we all know 1) that Hinderacker is biased and 2) what he does on his blog should never be confused with journalism.

After all, would'nt real media ask Dr. Gray what studies he has conducted to reach his conclusions on global warming? Surely a man of science would understand the scientific method and its importance on proving or disproving scientific theories, right?

I guess that 'biased' media that Hinderacker condemns forgot to tell us that Dr. Gray does not base his theories on global warming or scientific studies, but rather, on his untested observations. Maybe that is why Hinderacker has taken up his cause- birds of a feather!

And to think that the decrease in grant money Dr Gray is lamenting about has nothing to do with his combatitive personality, the strengths or weaknesses of his proposed research and his willingness or ability to follow the scientific method, but ONLY shows some apparent conspiracy to keep this guy from exposing "the myth" of global warming.

Just because a scientist, or John Hinderacker, said something does not mean that it is true, and when that person is criticized for an unproven belief, it is not evidence of bias, the unproven belief being true, or some conspiracy to prevent the unproven theory from being tested. If Gray is so sure of his theories on global warming, why is he so reluctant to use science to prove them?

Call me simple minded, but when a scientist elects to mask their theories in scientific talk while avoiding the use of the scientific method, I wonder what they are trying to hide.

r.johnson

And I ask myself,

who bestowed the title "the worlds leading weather expert" (emphasis mine), and then I answer myself "oh, right, no one did." But this is exactly the kind of phrasing that Hinderacker is complaining about. Thanks for providing another example.

Indeed Gray does deserve credit, and as it happens, he received such credit. From whom you ask? Why from the good folks at the American Meteorological Society, among others. It appears he was awarded, in 1993 (although I think it was in 1994), the Jule G. Charney award, which according to the AMS web site "is granted to individuals in recognition of highly significant research or development achievement in the atmospheric or hydrologic sciences." He received another research award from the AMS as well. Maybe Hinderacker assumed his audience knew something more about Gray. In any event, it does not seem unreasonable to classify him as one of the worlds leading weather experts unless this is primarily a political question for you, in which case the source of his accolades is undoubtedly irrelevant.

By the way, where do you get the idea that his skepticism is based on untested observations? He has spent his academic life developing (with others and among other things) computer models designed to predict weather patterns(for which he and others have received some international acclaim). He has been recognized by his own profession as a distinguished researcher. Does anyone really need an explanation of why his "untested observations" might be relevant to the climate change debate?

No, I guess not. Its easier to believe in the certainty of something inherently uncertain by writing off the skeptics as cranky old men who might not have gotten grants because of a lack of willingness or ability (!!) to follow the scientific method.

Certainty of something uncertain

To quote Hinderacker "Since Dr. Gray is generally recognized as the world's leading expert in the science of forecasting hurricanes, this is news." I will grant you that Gray is considered an expert in forecasting hurricanes, and if Hinderacker wanted to limit his description of Gray's area of expertise to that area alone, I would not quibble with the designation. But being an expert in forecasting hurricanes makes him an expert on global warming because...? Gee, Hinderacker never says, but implies that because he is an expert in forecasting hurricanes, he must be an expert on global warming. (In a very broad sense, Gray does address cycles of temperature, specifically as they relate to the temperatures of the oceans and atmospheric currents, but he does not address the causes of the changes in the cycle. Forensics are not his specialty.) That is like saying that because a podiatrist works with the foot and is capable of surgically removing a lesion from the foot, they are capable of performing the same operations as an orthopedic surgeon.

And I represent the 'biased media' because I had the audacity to call into question John Hinderacker's description of Dr. Gray? It would be easy to ignore if Hinderacker did not attempt to portray himself as 'unbiased' and the media biased. I truly hope you can see the bias Hinderacker is himself offering in the post.

The 'untested observations' language came from other articles I read, including this one in the WaPo. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/23/AR2006052301305_pf.html (I can hear the shouts now: Liberal Rag! Media Bias!) I also saw a PBS documentary not long ago on the 'naysayers on global warming.' The show documented the 'scientists' who have gone from claiming that there was no link between cigarettes and cancer to claiming that there is no evidence of 'unnatural' global warming. I do not recall if Dr. Gray was in this group of naysayers, but the description of the 'scientific study' (or lack thereof) used to promote the claims made by Dr. Gray were addressed in that documentary.

So let me turn the tables: you seem so certain that Dr. Gray is basing his opinions on some scientific study or research, perhaps you could provide me with the references to the scientific research Dr. Gray uses to support his theories? Sure, the theory is cloaked in scientific language, but that does not mean it follows the scientific method. Perhaps you are certain of something uncertain? Surely you have a handy reference to the scientific studies, the peer reviewed articles, the detailed scientific theorems, that Dr. Gray bases his opinions on, or you would not have accused me of being so certain of an uncertainty.

And lets not confuse my own skepticism of Dr. Gray's claims with a casual dismissal of his views. I have no problem with Dr. Gray expressing his belief that global warming is a hoax. I have no problem with Dr. Gray casting a skeptical eye at a scientific principle offered by others. I think a dose of skepticism is good. If Dr. Gray expressed his views as his beliefs, not as scientific study, who am I to argue? But I do have a problem with Dr. Gray dressing his opinions up as scientific principles, and with people like John Hinderacker pretending that everything a 'scientist' says is deduced using the scientific method. Ronald Reagan once said "trust, but verify." That is the essence of science- can the theory be duplicated, or confirmed, buy others using the scientific method? Albert Einstein did not say 'trust me, I know this' but set forth a postulate, a procedure for testing that postulate, and the results he found. These efforts can be duplicated, and if another scientist conducting the study found that Einstein's conclusions could not be supported by the experiment, we would not consider Einstein's conclusions to be scientific in nature. So why are Dr. Gray's notions treated differently?

I honestly do not know how to respond to the 'funding' issue. On one hand, conservatives object to government hand outs, but some now suggest that Dr. Gray is somehow entitled to funding for 'research' just because he applied. Even something far more important, like welfare, is need based. And where is a discussion of the proposals where funding was rejected? I certainly did not see anything, although Dr. Gray speculates that he has not gotten funding for his research because of his views (as do you timothy). So why does it show bias against Gray's views, and not a) an ill conceived project, b) an irrelevant project, c) the need for more important or worthy research elsewhere, etc.? You may be right, that the denial of funding is because of his views, but viewing the same 'evidence' as you, I do not reach the same conclusion and do not see the denial of funding as proof of the matter asserted: that the Government is biased against Dr. Gray in funding because of his views on global warming.

r.johnson

Certainly

That is how I read Hinderackers post as well. Unfortunately, that was not reflected in your previous comment. He labeled Gray the world's leading expert in the science of forecasting hurricanes not the worlds leading weather expert (which is what you used in your post above). I have no problem with the suggestion that Hinderacker has his own special bias. In addition, I think it would be more reasonable for him to say a leading expert in the science of forecasting hurricanes. I am willing to bet that there are other really smart people working on the problem.

But now you have taken it one step further by moving from your concern over Gray's lack of forensics knowledge (!), to his association with those who doubt the link between cigarettes and cancer! This is a consistent tactic in framing the global warming debate--in one corner we have the rigorous, even valiant, scientists predicting increased mean global temperatures in X years and all the attendant catastrophe that may ensue, and in the other we have the nut job scientists (wink, wink) who dont trust the predictions or the hypothesized consequences, now let the honest debate begin!

From the CSU department of Atmospheric Science website: "Professor Gray has worked in the observational and theoretical aspects of tropical meteorological research for more than 40 years. Most of this effort has gone to the investigation of meso-scale tropical weather phenomena. He has specialized in the global aspects of tropical cyclones for his entire professional career." If you want to simply think of him as a hurricane forecaster, thats your problem. I am not sure why someone with expertise in the science of tropical meteorology can not be considered a climate change expert? Maybe you want to elaborate on that. Is this not an important aspect of the global climate change modeling used to forecast changes in global mean temperatures?

With respect to your table-turning gambit, you should take up your concerns regarding Gray's understanding of science with him. He does reference the following in a presentation he made about four or five years ago:

V. Ramanathan, The Role of Ocean-Atmosphere interactions in the CO2 Climate Problem, Journal of Atmospheric Science 38 (1981), pp. 918-930.

Richard Lindzen, Ming Dah Chou, and A.Y. Hou, Does the Earth have an Adaptive Infrared Iris? Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 82(3) (2001), pp. 417-432.

J.R. Christy, R.W. Spencer, and W.D. Braswell, MSU Troposhperic Temperatures: Data Set Construction and Radiosonde Comparisons, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Research 17 (2000), pp. 1153-1170.

These citations are listed in Gray's presentation.

William M. Gray, The errors of Chicken Little thinking: it is highly unlikely that a doubling of human-caused greenhouse gasses will cause significant changes in global temperatures.Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy 16.4 (Summer 2002): 52(5).

I guess his skepticism (regarding the IPCC and the global warming "hoax") must come from other research that he has read and his own research into the physical systems that influence climate change. There is other skeptical research out there. One that might be more palatable to the global warming activists (although I am skeptical about that too) can be found here.

Pielke Sr., R.A., 2005: Land use and climate change. Science, 310, 1625-1626.

In fact, I just discovered Pielke's blog this week. I encourage anyone interested in this topic to check it out here.

In particular, you should check out his main conclusion page here.

Finally, r.johnson, who are those that "now suggest that Dr. Gray is somehow entitled to funding for 'research' just because he applied?" (and whats up with placing research in quotes?). All of the reasons you list for failure to receive funding are valid--I have experience with at least one! I wrote ...Grant Bias? and used a question mark for a reason, to reflect uncertainty.

p.s.:

sorry about the font size...

Why Not Verify?

And here I thought you were yelling at me with the font size.

You quote from the CSU website, and note that most of Dr. Gray's efforts have "gone to the investigation of meso-scale tropical weather phenomena." Mesoscale meteorology does not span generations, or look for the causes of the weather phenomena that span generations. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoscale_meteorology. Again, no dispute that Gray is a hurricane expert, but neither you nor Hinderacker explain why this enables Gray to speak as an expert on global warming, its causes and its consequences.

And you make my point about why Dr. Gray should be criticized from a scientific perspective. Gray forms the postulate that it is 'highly unlikely' (or were those your words?) that a doubling of human-caused greenhouse gasses will cause significant changes in global temperatures. Build any scientific models to test that? No. And what other assumptions must be made about rate of doubling, etc.? You continue by noting that you guess his skepticism must come from other research...that is the conclusion Hinderacker and Gray himslef want you to draw. "Trust him, he's a scientist, and this is complicated stuff." It is no doubt complicated, but why not verify, why not attempt to verify?

It is the lack of scientific support for Dr. Gray's theories that is driving the criticism, not just the message. When you are talking about science, pointing out that one side of the debate is using the scientific method and one side is not is not an unfair criticism.

I raised the tobacco example because, as the PBS series showed, the very same 'scientists' who claimed that there was no link between cigarettes and cancer are some of the very same scientists now claiming that global warming does not exist. I come across these 'experts' almost every day in my profession- we call them 'jukeboxes' - put a quarter in and they will play whatever song you want to hear. No, not all scientists are the same, and I have no idea whether or not Dr. Gray is receiving funds from the 'golbal warming is a hoax' consortium of busniess that fear clean air regulation, but my point is that the 'trust me' types dress up their theories in scientific language. Stripped of the scientific jargon, the basis for the theory is a personal belief or a hefty payment to reach that conclusion. That is not science, under any stretch of the imagination.

My point with putting research in quotes was to note that not all research topics should be treated equally. I can apply to an AIDS foundation for a grant studying the transmission of HIV with condom-using individuals, but if the study has already been performed, it may not receive funding. If I am a dentist and apply to the same foundation, asking for a grant to study the dental care AIDS patients receive in the final weeks of their life, I am not sure that the funding request should be granted, although it would be a benefit to me. Hineracker clearly believes that Dr. Gray is being descriminted against because of his views (and not his methods), and your funding comment seemed to suggest that you thought Dr. Gray did not receive funding because of his views. If that was not your intent, I apologize. My point was that the conclusion (denial of funding BECAUSE OF views) was not supported.

r.johnson

Hey, no yelling here, just

Hey, no yelling here, just w.bloggar incompetence. I yell in much larger font.

I did point out why he is competent to speak out regarding climate change modeling (from which the global warming estimates come), but you are unable to see it. Take then the advice of another atmospheric scientist. Or, you can make more accusations regarding his integrity.

Again, I would love to know how you know that one side is using the scientific method and one side is not (everyone on one side is, and everyone on the other side is not? What about the people in the middle, or do the environmental inquisitions not leave room for that?). You have done little but type insinuations ranging from absurd suggestions that Dr. Gray does not understand climate science sufficiently to comment on climate change, to suggesting that he does not make use of any scientific method (as you broadly defined it) to support his assertions. Oh and now, that he might be in the pocket of some nefarious consortium of businesses that are anti-air regulation (that was a good one). I suppose next we can speculate about the possibility that he is part of some secret apocalyptic cult that hopes to usher in the end of the human race by way of climate science ignorance (beware!).

I am familiar with the PBS effort to smear any scientist who would question predictions of significant future global warming by way of association with your jukebox folks (or to some consortium of businesses). You should direct the show's producers to this guy, I would love to see what they do with him. This is the activist's shameful approach to winning political battles. And it is a shame that you give it so much credence.

Also, I did suggest the possibility that political views can be an obstacle in the hunt for government grants, so while I do appreciate it, no need to apologize.

Show Me.

You pointed out nothing, other than your own uncertainty as to "why someone with expertise in the science of tropical meteorology can not be considered a climate change expert." Just becasue you see a link does not mean that there is one. There are plenty of doctors who are considers experts in their field, and perfectly competent (from a legal standpoint) of offering testimony on treatment and care of an injury in the scope of their practice. However, they may be incomeptent, from a legal standpoint, to offer an opinion on the cause of the injury or a causal connection with what they observe. In one recent example, a doctor was offering an opinion on his client's esophageal cancer- he could talk about the treatment and describe the nature of the injury, but he crossed the line when he stated that the cancer was casued by exposure to asbestos. To render that opinion, you have to have the science to back it up (it does not.) Show me the scientific study, show me the research, show me the example where Dr. Gray uses science to reach his conclusions. You may have made the leap that a scientist will always follow the scientific method, but you making that leap for yourself does not show me anything.

And Roger Pielke does not say Dr. Gray followed science, or attest to his expertise, but simply bemoans the hostility directed toward Dr. Gray and asks 'can't we be civil?' Again, that is proof of nothing.

Speaking of proof, you still have not shown me a single shred of evidence that says that Dr. Gray reached these conclusions of his by following the scientific method. Hmmmm. Your sarcasm aside, I sense a double standard. You are the one that said Gray followed the scientific method, and I challenged that statement, so where is the proof?

And no, it is not my burden to show that those who see global warming as a real threat followed the scientific method- my comments were focused on the claim of media bias spouted by Hinderacker, and cited the WaPo article to show that Gray did not use or follow the scientific method in forming these opinions. It is hard to prove the negative, but usually, when the circumstantial evidence of the negative is raised, like pointing to the WaPo article that says Gray did not use the scientific method, and Gray's own statement that it is "highly unlikely" (suggesting an untested posulate to me), the burden shifts back to you to show the proof of the matter you are asserting. Show me where Gray uses the scientific method in forming his opinions.

Lastly, you are creating stick man arguments that I never made, which are counter productive to any real discussion. 'The PBS effort to smear any scientist' is a bit over the top, don't you think? And here I thought conservatives accused liberals of their never ending 'conspiracy theories'!

r.johnson

Certainly not...

I did not point out my uncertainty, I firmly believe (no uncertainty here) that climate scientists, like Dr. Gray and many others with a variety of scientific hypotheses, are well qualified to be labeled experts in climate science. Pielke does more than “bemoan the hostility” as you well know (I am assuming you read the whole thing). But, since your summary of Pielke’s post is inadequate I will quote his post directly:

“Thus, while I feel that Professor Gray is often blunt and nondiplomatic in his statements, the scientific issues that he raises should be scrutinized objectively, and not dismissed since they do not conform to one’s perspectives on climate variability and change. He has the national and international professional credentials and stature in climate science such that his views are critically important as we debate the science.”

(I linked to it in a previous comment).

I started by raising the possibility that there is bias in the grant-awarding process. I said nothing about Dr. Gray’s theories being true or false (and still have not) or the extent to which he “followed the scientific method.” You brought up his knowledge of science and his use of scientific methods, to “prove” what he claims, in your very first comment.

You wrote:

"Just because a scientist, or John Hinderacker, said something does not mean that it is true, and when that person is criticized for an unproven belief, it is not evidence of bias, the unproven belief being true, or some conspiracy to prevent the unproven theory from being tested. If Gray is so sure of his theories on global warming, why is he so reluctant to use science to prove them?

Call me simple minded, but when a scientist elects to mask their theories in scientific talk while avoiding the use of the scientific method, I wonder what they are trying to hide."

You say in the quote above that Gray is “reluctant to use science” and that he is electing to mask his theory in scientific talk while “avoiding the use of the scientific method.” The absence of peer-reviewed research, written by Gray, is not proof, not even evidence, of either of these two charges you made.

Nonetheless, I played along and tried. I am not entirely sure what you now mean by “the scientific method” in this context. But you asked previously (turning the table) for “references to the scientific research Dr. Gray uses to support his theories?” I gave you three in a previous comment that pertain to one of his criticisms of global warming predictions. These are references he lists, in a paper he wrote describing his criticism. You ignored them. As an aside, one of them (the Christy, et al. paper has been updated just this month and published in the Journal of Geophysical Research—Pielke’s site has the reference, and I’m starting to feel like a marketing rep for Pielke’s blog).

Smear may be just a little over the top, but not much. And, conservatives don’t just have conspiracy theories—they are one and it is vast!

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